Golden Ratio: The Golden ratio is a special number found by dividing a line into two parts so that the longer part divided by the smaller part is also equal to the whole length divided by the longer part. Landscapes are examples of The Golden Ratio . There is also another name for the grid and it is called the 'Phi Grid'.
Rule of Third: The basic principle behind the rule of thirds is to imagine breaking an image down into thirds (both horizontally and vertically) so that you have 9 parts. With this grid in mind the ‘rule of thirds’ now identifies four important parts of the image that you should consider placing points of interest in as you frame your image. Not only this,but it also gives you four ‘lines’ that are also useful positions for elements in your photo.
Diagonals: Diagonal lines generally work well to draw the eye of an image’s viewer through the photograph. They create points of interest as they intersect with other lines and often give images depth by suggesting perspective.
Leading Lines: Leading lines are natural lines in the image that lead the viewer's eye to another point in the image or, occasionally, out of the frame entirely. Anything with a definitive line can be a leading line including fences, bridges, and shorelines, and their placement within images naturally guide viewer's attention down their paths in the frame.
Curves: Curves make an image easy to look at by leading the viewer’s eye through the frame. It is almost as if the photographer takes the viewer by the hand, draws them into the landscape, and points the way. The viewer’s eyes are compelled to follow the line.
Framing: The role of any rule of composition is to draw the eye into photography. Framing refers to using elements of a scene to create a frame within your frame. For example, you might shoot through a doorway, pulled back curtains, branches, fences, tunnels, or arches to highlight your subject.
Triangles: Triangles are one of the best techniques uses in street photography to fill the frame, add balance, and add movement in the images.
Figure in Ground: One of the fundamentals/core of DYNAMIC COMPOSITION: to make strong contrast between your subject and the background (concept of “figure to ground”— “figure” being your subject, and “ground” being the background). The main principle is tokeep it simple, clean, and black and white.