Time: There is no right or wrong way to time your shot. Hitting the shutter just before a car enters the frame and releasing it just after it leaves the frame can create a lovely unbroken line – but sometimes shooting with shorter exposure times while the camera is in the frame can be effective also. Once again it’s about experimenting with different timings and seeing what effects it has. (Darren Rowse)
Frame: Frame is the technique of drawing attention to the subject of your image by blocking other parts of the image with something in the scene. The benefits of framing pictures include: 1. giving the photo context (for example framing a scene with an archway can tell you something about the place you are by the architecture of the archway or including some foliage in the foreground of a shot can convey a sense of being out in nature). 2. giving images a sense of depth and layers (in essence framing a shot generally puts something in the foreground which adds an extra dimension to the shot). 3. leading the eye towards your main focal point (some ‘frames’ can draw your photo’s viewer into the picture just by their shape). Some also believe that a frame can not only draw the eye into a picture but that it keeps it there longer – giving a barrier between your subject and the outside of the shot. 4. intriguing your viewer. Sometimes it’s what you can’t see in an image that draws you into it as much as (if not more than) what you can see in the picture. Clever framing that leaves those viewing your image wondering a little or imagining what is behind your frame can be quite effective (get it wrong and it can also be quite annoying! so be careful).
Focus: Focus is a basic tenet of photography. It's typically given a definition in photo books, but not fully explained. The standard definitions of focus are: 1) The position at which rays of light from a lens converge to form a clear and sharply defined image on a subject such as a tennis ball,car,plane and toy . Why do cameras focus? Before there was auto-focus, there was focus. The camera is a light-tight box that is used to expose a photosensitive surface (film or digital sensor) to light. In order to focus the light onto the surface, most cameras (and your own eyes) use a lens to direct the light. These are all examples of focus shots that I have taken outside.
Proximity:
The principle of proximity calls for related items to be grouped visually, creating less clutter and making for a more organized layout. Items unrelated to each other should be placed further apart, to emphasize their lack of relationship. Or in simpler terms, Proximity in design simply means that objects near each other are seen as a unit. For example when you are taking a picture of a race car charging at you.
Representation: In term of subject and content, and how it is shown, can be termed "representation". These pictures down below are examples of representation and shows their character. Representational landscapes are the most natural and the most realistic out of all the styles of landscape photography. Many photographers find landscapes photography with a "what you see is what you get" mentality.